Why are many residential components of the hot water system preset to 12 psig?

Residential components of the hot water system are often preset to 12 psig primarily to handle most residential installations effectively. This pressure setting is a balanced choice that is suitable for typical residential applications, ensuring that water distribution remains efficient without causing undue strain on the plumbing system. When the pressure is too high, it can lead to issues such as water hammer, leaks, and excessive wear on fittings and appliances. A preset pressure of 12 psig helps to provide adequate flow rates while also maintaining optimal performance throughout various installations found in a typical home, making it an appropriate standard for residential hot water systems. This pressure level enables the system to function reliably across common usage scenarios encountered in homes.