What is the primary function of a condenser in steam systems?

The primary function of a condenser in steam systems is to eliminate back pressure on the turbine. In a steam cycle, after steam passes through the turbine and does work, it needs to be condensed back into a liquid to enable the cycle to continue. The condenser allows the steam to lose its heat and transform back into water, which creates a low-pressure environment. This reduction in pressure is essential because it allows the turbine to operate more efficiently by maximizing the pressure differential across it, leading to improved energy extraction from the steam. By reducing back pressure, the condenser enhances the overall efficiency of the steam system, ensuring effective energy conversion and maintaining the continuity of the steam cycle.

In contrast, generating steam is a function performed by the boiler, while increasing the temperature of the working fluid primarily occurs in superheaters. Although condensers do collect and recycle cooling water, this is not their primary function in relation to steam systems. The main emphasis lies in their role in facilitating efficient turbine operation by minimizing back pressure.