How does the efficiency of a vacuum system affect the installation of pipes?

The efficiency of a vacuum system can greatly influence pipe sizing because vacuum systems operate under lower pressure conditions compared to regular pressure systems. In a vacuum system, the flow characteristics require careful consideration of pipe dimensions to maintain effective transport of the materials or gases through the system.

When a vacuum is created, it relies on pressure differentials to move the materials effectively. This often necessitates smaller diameter pipes to enhance the velocity of the gas or fluid being moved. By reducing pipe size, the increased velocity can help overcome the limitations posed by the lower pressures, allowing the system to operate efficiently. Thus, using pipes that are at least one size smaller enables the vacuum to maintain its effectiveness in moving materials along the pipes.

In contrast, the other options suggest that pipe sizes should be larger or remain unchanged, which could lead to inefficiencies in a vacuum system. Larger pipe sizes would decrease the velocity, making it difficult for the system to maintain the necessary conditions for proper operation under vacuum. Similarly, keeping pipe sizes the same would not account for the necessary adjustments in flow dynamics that a vacuum system demands, which can consequently hinder efficiency and performance.